Lesson 24 of 25
Relative pronouns: die and dat
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Betrekkelijke voornaamwoorden: die en dat

Relative pronouns: die and dat

In the Lezen (Reading) and Schrijven (Writing) exams, you will encounter long sentences that use a betrekkelijk voornaamwoord (relative pronoun). These words link a main sentence to extra information about a person or object. At the A2 level, you must master the choice between die and dat and understand how they change the word order.

1. The Core Rule

The choice between die and dat depends entirely on the gender and number of the noun you are referring to.

Noun TypePronounExample
de-woorden (singular)dieDe man die daar loopt...
Plural (all words)dieDe boeken die ik lees...
het-woorden (singular)datHet huis dat ik koop...

2. The Word Order Trap

On the Schrijven (Writing) exam, using a relative pronoun creates a bijzin (subclause). This means the verb must go to the end of the clause.

  • Main sentence: Ik zie het formulier. Het ligt op de tafel.
  • With relative pronoun: Ik zie het formulier dat op de tafel ligt.

If you write dat ligt op de tafel, you will lose points for grammaticale correctheid because the verb is in the wrong place.

3. Exam Strategy: Finding the Subject

In the Lezen exam, sentences can become long and confusing. When you see die or dat, look immediately at the word right before it. That is the thing the sentence is talking about.

Example stem: "De mevrouw die bij de gemeente werkt, stuurt u een brief."

  • Who works at the municipality? De mevrouw.
  • Who sends the letter? De mevrouw.
Key rule· 1 of 3
Use 'die' for De-words and Plurals

If the noun uses the article 'de', or if the noun is plural, always use 'die'.

De collega die ziek is.The colleague who is sick.
De kinderen die buiten spelen.The children who are playing outside.
Use 'dat' for Het-words

If the noun uses the article 'het', use 'dat'. This only applies to singular words.

Het bericht dat ik stuur.The message that I send.
Het kind dat in de klas zit.The child who is in the class.
Verb-Last Position

The verb must move to the end of the relative clause. This is a common marking point in the Writing exam.

De brief die ik schrijf.The letter that I am writing. (Note 'schrijf' is at the end).

Practice questions

Type the missing word
Type the missing word
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